Teachers and bullying Essay Example for Free

Teachers and bullying Essay â€Å"Bullying poisons the educational environment and affects the learning of every child. †(Olweus) Some of the common effects of bullying on children include sadness, depression, poor body image and eating disorders, skipping school, bad grades, headaches, stomach aches, sleeping trouble, thoughts and even acts of suicide. The study also looked at relationship between empathy of the teacher and how they handled bullying incidents. Among the teachers who thought that the incidents were not serious or thought that the victims misperceived the situation, it was found that those teachers who felt empathy for a child at least tried to understand the child’s experiences and factors that shaped his or her behaviours. The teachers who did not show empathy did not try to understand the children. The research also cites two teachers who described some children as crying fake tears while describing their experiences. The teachers did not try to comprehend the children’s experiences or behaviours. They termed the children as provocative victims who exhibit that both the peers and adults find irritating. When such children report victimisation and bullying experience, the school personnel tend to be unsympathetic and ignores it. This strengthens the findings by researchers such as Craig et al (2000), Eslea and Smith (2000), Kallestad and Olweus (2003) that defies empathy as a key factor in how the teachers characterise and respond to bullying incidents and also how they implement anti-bullying programs. The research found that even when the individuals are able to articulate a clear definition of bullying, other factors can influence how they characterise and respond to the bullying situation. This can have an affect on the children if they perceive that sufficient action has not been taken by the teachers. Hence it would be beneficial to provide the teachers information on the factors that can influence individual’s decisions about what constitutes bullying and not. Indirect bullying was found to be the most challenging for the teachers to recognise as well as to know whether and how to intervene. Most often the teachers were unaware that children were bullied and did not consider the child’s case serious. This was also found by researches Craig et al (2000), Hazler et al (2001). Research by Siann et al (1993) found that teachers neglected to consider repetition in most of their definitions. The research found out that the assumption of the teacher about the characteristics displayed by the victims prevented them from recognizing the victimised children when they did not match the assumptions made. Researches conducted by O’Moore (2000) found that focussing on the individual characteristic of children who bully or who are victimised can minimise the awareness of factors such as social context and can obscure other factors that are central to the bullying such as the victimised child’s experience with distress due to the bullying activity. Researches conducted by Siann et al (1993) and Ireland and Ireland (2000) found that that subjectivity, especially when related to the indirect bullying can severely influence the intervention negatively. The teachers doubting the child’s view may contribute to the further lack of disclosure to the teachers. This was found to be intertwined with empathy shown by the teacher. Craig et al (2000), Kallestad and Olweus (2003) found the important relationship between empathy and how teachers responded to the bully victims. It was identified that the teachers require assistance to become cognizant of their attitudes also that their views may not correspond to the views of the children. This helps teachers to understand that sometimes the child’s distress may be greater than that anticipated by the teacher. According to Landau, Milich, Harris and Larson (2001), this understanding can increase the teacher’s ability to recognise and intervene in bullying situation. This assumes greater importance considering that the educators need to protect children who are victimised but who may not recognise or feel that they are being bullied. The research also found out that majority of the teachers was themselves subjected to bullying as children. According to the teachers, this personal experience influenced how they reacted to the bullying of their students. Kallestad and Olweus (2003) found an association between the teachers who identified as bullied as a child with the responses and interventions they participated in. However a study conducted by Nicolaides et al (2002) indicates that there is no strong influence of bullying during the childhood on the response of the teacher to bullying. Gibbons, Lichtenbert and van Beusekom (1994) found that it is necessary for the educators and other professionals need to deal with their own feelings that the incidents may evoke in order to respond effectively to the bullying situations. According to the research conducted by Boulton (1997, Craig et al (2000), Townsend-Wiggins (2001), training is essential for the teachers to increase the confidence and competence to respond to the bullying activities. It was found that most of the teachers had not received any training and expressed their desire to undertake this type of training. (Mishna, F. et al, 2005).

Circularity and Stability :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Circularity and Stability William Alston argues that there is no way to show that any of our basic sources of belief is reliable without falling into epistemic circularity, i.e. relying at some point on premises that are themselves derived from the very same source. His appeal to practical rationality is an attempt to evaluate our sources of belief without relying on beliefs that are based on the sources under scrutiny and thus without just presupposing their reliability. I argue that this attempt fails and that Ernest Sosa’s appeal to the coherence theory of justification fails, too, if it is understood as an attempt to find a similar external evaluation of our sources of belief that does not just assume their reliability. I concluded that there is no alternative to taking an internal view to our own reliability and embracing epistemic circularity. Why suppose that any of the bases on which we regularly and unquestionably form beliefs are reliable? Why suppose that sense perception, in particular, is a reliable source of information of the physical environment? These are questions that William Alston raises in his recent books Perceiving God (1991) and The Reliability of Sense Perception (1993). He argues that there is no way to show that any of our basic sources of belief is reliable without falling into epistemic circularity. There is no way to show that such a source is reliable without relying at some point or another on premises that are themselves derived from that source. So we cannot have any non-circular reasons for supposing that the sources on which we base our beliefs are reliable. Alston thinks, however, that there is a way of evaluating the reliability of our sources of belief that is independent of the beliefs based on those sources and that does not therefore fall into circularity. I will argue that Alston's attempt to find such an external support for our sources of beliefs fails. I will also consider Ernest Sosa's (1994, 1995) most recent attempt to deal with the problem and argue that if it is understood as a related attempt to find an external standpoint from which to evaluate our sources of belief, it fails, too. I will conclude that there is no alternative to a purely internal approach in which we evaluate our sources of beliefs in terms of the beliefs that derive from the very same sources and thus to embracing epistemic circularity.

Social Studies Sba on Poverty

Name:Nicholas Benjamin School:Ferncourt High school Candidate #: Centre #: 100035 Territory:Jamaica Teacher:Ms. M. Reid Title:Unemployment within the community of Browns Town Table of Contents Chapter one (1)Acknowledgement Introduction Statement of the problem Reasons for selecting area of research Method of investigation Chapter two (2)Instruments used in data collection Procedures for data collection Chapter three (3)Presentation of data Chapter four (4)Analysis and interpretations of data Chapter five (5)Statement of findingsRecommendations and implementation strategy Bibliography Introduction Browns Town is a small community located in St Ann Jamaica. The Researcher has been a resident of the community for the past 16 years and has observed that there is a very high level of unemployment within the community over the years. The Researcher has decided to conduct a research to find the major causes, and effects of unemployment, and also to find the solutions to the problem. Acknow ledgement The Researcher would like to thank following persons for their help in the completion of this research. Related article: Social Studies SBA on Drug AbuseThe respondents for their valuable time spent answering the questionnaires. My teacher, Miss Reid for her guidance. The researcher would also like to thank his mother and fellow classmates, for their kind support and encouragement. Statement of the Problem What factors account for the high rate of unemployment within the community of Brown’s Town and how is the community affected? Reasons for selecting area of research The Researcher has observed that there is a high level of unemployment in the community of Brown’s Town and would like to further examine the causes and effects to find a solution for the problem.Method of investigation The researcher has decided to use printed questionnaire as a means of collecting data. According to the oxford dictionary, a questionnaire is a set of printed questions for completing a survey. The advantages of using the questionnaires are as follows: * It requires little time to be complet ed. * It can be completed at the convenience of the respondents. * It guarantees confidentiality since the respondents are not required to attach their names. * Distribution and collection of questionnaires are not time consuming. QuestionnaireTopic:What factors account for the high rate of unemployment within the community of Brown’s Town and how the community is affected? Instruction:This is not a test; answer all questions as truthfully as possible. Place a tick at the appropriate answer or fill out where necessary. 1) What gender do you belong to? Male Female 2) What age group do you belong? 18-25 years 25-33 years 34-40 years 41- over years 3) How long have you been living in the community of Brown’s Town? 1 year 1-2 years 3-4 years 5 years and over 4) Do you think unemployment is a major problem in the community of Brown’s Town?YES NO 5) Which gender do you believe most unemployed people belong? Male Female 6) What is the major cause of unemployment? a) No t fully qualified b) Lack of employment opportunities c) High transportation cost d) Other __________________________________ 7) How do you believe unemployment affect the individual? __________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 8) How does unemployment affect families in the community of Brown’s Town? a) Poverty ) Absenteeism(one parent leaving to find employment in another area) c) Prostitution d) High stress level in families 9) How do you believe unemployment affect the community? a) Increase crime and violence b) Increase in poverty c) Migration of skilled and qualified persons d) More Juvenile delinquents 10) How does unemployment affect the children in families? a) Absents from school b) Lack of Proper health care c) Lack proper nutrition d) Children becoming delinquents 11) Do you believe being enough is done to lessen unemployment? Yes No 12) Give reasons for your answer in 11 above. _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 13) Which of the following do you think is responsible for the high level of unemployment in the community of Brown’s Town? a) The individual b) The government c) The Business community d) Other ___________________________ 14) Do you believe the problem of unemployment can be alleviated in the community of Brown’s Town? Yes No 15) What can the community do to reduce the high level of unemployment? a) Provide skills training centers b) Provide employment opportunities ) Help individuals to get fully qualified d) Encourage Entrepreneurship Procedures for collecting data The research was conducted in the community of Brown’s Town. A total of ten questionnaires were given to randomly selected respondents. Of these ten (10) respondents, four (4) were males and six (6) were females. The respondents lived in the area one (1) to ten (10) years. Some of the questionnaires were immediately completed and returned while others were collected the following day. All (10) questionnaires were completed and returned. Figure 1:A pie chart showing the responses question # 4.Do you think unemployment is a major problem in the community of Brown’s Town? In the pie chart above nine (9) or ninety percent (90%) of the respondents agreed that unemployment is a major problem in the community of Brown’s Town. One (1) or ten percent (10%) said no. Figure 2:Bar graph showing the responses to question # 6. What is the major cause of unemployment in Browns Town? In the bar graph above two or twenty percent (20%) of the respondents agree that high transportation cost is the major cause of unemployment in Brown’s Town. Three(3)or thirty percent(30%) believe not fully qualified.The remaining five (5) or fifty percent (50%) said lack of employment opportunities. Figure 3: A Bar Graph showing the responses to question # 8. How does unemployment affect families in the community of Brown’s town? In the Bar Graph above four (4) or forty percent (40%) believe unemployment increase high stress level in families, two (2) or twenty percent (20%) it increases Prostitution, one (1) or ten percent (10%) believe there is an absenteeism (One parent leaving to find employment in another area). The remaining three (3) or thirty percent (30%) believe unemployment affects the amilies in the community of Brown’s Town by means of poverty. Figure 5:A pie chart showing the responses question #11. Do you believe enough is being done to lessen unemployment? The pie chart above states three (3) or thirty percent (30%) of the respondents agreed that enough is being done to lessen unemployment in the community of Brown’s Town. seven (7) or seventy percent (70%) disagreed. Figure 4:A table showing the responses to Question #9. How do you believe unemployment affect the community? Responses| # of Responden ts| % of Respondents| Increase Crime and Violence| 5| 50%|Increase in poverty| 3| 30%| Migration of skilled and qualified workers| 1| 10%| More juvenile delinquents| 1| 10%| total| 10| 100%| In the Table above five (5) or fifty percent (50%) of the respondents believe there is an increase in crime and violence. Three (3) or thirty percent (30%) think there’s an increase in poverty. One (1) or ten percent (10%) believe that skilled and qualified workers have migrated . The remaining one (1) or ten percent(10%) believe there are other ways to reduce the high level of unemployment. Figure 6: A Bar Graph showing the responses to question #13.Which of the following do you think is responsible for the high level of unemployment in the community of Brown’s Town? In the bar graph above four(4) or forty percent (40%) of the respondents agree that the individual is responsible for the cause of unemployment in Brown’s Town. Another four (4) or forty percent (40%) believe t he government. One (1) or ten (10%) of the respondents thinks it is the business community and the remaining one (1) or ten percent (10%) said others are responsible for the high level of unemployment in the community of Brown’s Town. Figure 7:A Table showing the responses to Question # 15.What can the community do to reduce the high level of unemployment? Responses| # of Respondents| % of Respondents| Provide skills training centers| 3| 30%| Provide employment opportunities| 4| 40%| Help individuals to get fully qualified| 2| 20%| Encourage Entrepreneurship| 1| 10%| Total| 10| 100%| In the Table above three (3) or thirty percent (30%) of the respondents believe the community should provide skills training centers to reduce the high level of unemployment . Four (4) or forty percent(40%) think the community should provide employment opportunities.Two (2) or twenty percent(20%) believe the community should help individual to get fully qualified . The remaining one (1) or ten pe rcent(10%) believe there are other ways to reduce the high level of unemployment. Analysis and interpretation of Data According to google. com/dictionary unemployment is a situation in which people are without jobs either because they are unwilling to accept available jobs or because there are no jobs available. Based on the research conducted, unemployment is a major problem in the community of Brown’s Town.This is illustrated in figure 1, a pie chart showing 90% of the respondents saying yes unemployment is a major problem in the community while the remaining 10% said no. The research has also revealed that unemployment has many causes. Based on the responses of the respondents, where 10% percent believed that high transportation cost is a major cause of unemployment, 40% believed lack of qualification is the cause and another 30% said lack of employment opportunities while the remaining 20 % said there are other major causes of unemployment in the community of Brownâ€℠¢s Town. Unemployment affects families in the community in many ways.The research states in figure 3, that 40% of the respondents believe this causes high stress level in families. 20% believe it causes female members of the family to become prostitutes. And 10% believe that it causes absenteeism of one parent trying to get employment opportunity in another area. The remaining 30% thinks it causes poverty in the family because they are not earning so they become poor. Unemployment affects the community in many ways also. According to the research, one major way is an increase in crime and violence as illustrated in figure 4 where 50% of the respondents believed this. 0% of the respondents believed it increases poverty, 10% believed that there is a migration of skilled and qualified persons. The remaining 10% believed there are more juveniles delinquents. According to figure 5, it is shown that 70% of the respondent believe that enough is not being done to lessen the high level of un employment in the community of Brown’s Town and the remaining 30% percent state that enough is being done. The responses state that 40% of the respondents believe that the individual is responsible for the high level of unemployment in the community of Brown’s Town. Another 40% believe the government is responsible. 0% of the respondent states it is the business community while the remaining 10% states other persons are responsible. Based on the responses of the respondents, there are many things that the community can do to reduce the high level of unemployment. As illustrated in figure 7 which show the responses to question number 15. What can the community do to reduce the high level of unemployment? 40% of the respondents believed that the community should provide employment opportunities, 20% believed the community should help individuals get fully qualified and 30% believe they could provide skills training centers.The remaining 10% believed the community should encourage entrepreneurship as it would provide employment. The Researcher agrees that unemployment is a major problem in the community of Brown’s Town. This problem is having a negative effect on the community and should not be allowed to increase, based on the other social issues to which it contributes. The researcher believes the following steps should be taken to solve the problem The government should ensure that all students leaving secondary schools get the opportunity to go to college or get a skill by having a special fund for this purpose.The government can also invite other Caribbean nations to set up businesses in the country to create employment for persons. Statement of Findings Based on the research conducted the researcher made the following findings. 1. Unemployment is a major problem in the community of Brown’s Town. 2. The major causes of unemployment are lack of employment opportunities, high transportation costs, and persons not being fully qualifi ed. 3. Unemployment affects the community in the following ways. Increase in crime and violence, increase poverty and the migration of skilled and qualified persons. . Unemployment affects the families by increasing their state of poverty, causing one parent to leave to find employment in another area and high stress levels on the home. 5. unemployment affect the children in families by preventing them from attending school, the lack of proper health care, lack of proper nutrition and children becoming delinquents. 6. Unemployment can be alleviated in the community of Brown’s Town. 7. The community can do the following to reduce unemployment. Provide skills training centers provide employment opportunities and help individuals to get fully qualified.Recommendations and implementation strategy The Researcher would like to make the following recommendation as a solution for the high rate of unemployment within the community of Brown’s Town. There is a great need for pers ons to become fully qualified. If the various social groups such as the church and the community clubs would sponsor persons from the community who are unable to pay their tuition fees for tertiary education, that would help a great deal. These persons upon completion of their education should in turn help others in the community achieve a higher level of education and skills.Club groups should try to get the governments help to open a skills training center within the community where persons can learn a skill. Later these individuals should open businesses to provide employment for themselves and others in the community. Bibliography Ramsawak, Rampersad, Umraw, Ralph R. Modules in Social Studies (3rd Edition) Caribbean educational Publishers 2002-2003 Unemployment retrieved from http://www. www. wordiq. com September 18, 2012 http://www. images. search. yahoo. com

Metabical Case Study - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 650 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Study Essay Did you like this example? Metabical (Case study) Case Facts †¢ Metabical is a prescription drug produced by Cambridge Sciences Pharmaceuticals (CSP) for weight loss. †¢ It was the first and only prescription drug to obtain FDA approval for weight loss (overweight category) drug. †¢ The company had conducted an elaborate market research program for identifying the target segment and positioning the product. †¢ Competitors: FDA approved OTC drug Alli. †¢ Marketing strategy: – DTC advertising- celebrity endorser, TV, radio, internet, print media Patient? knowledge and awareness about the drug top priority – Advertising with Medical community- print ad in leading medical publications Overview †¢ People with a body mass index (BMI) of 28 to 30 had an average weight loss of 26 pounds over a 12 weeks people with a BMI of 25-28 had an average weight loss of 15 pounds using metabical. †¢ CSP wanted to base their new product comparably to Alli, but felt Metabica l could be priced at a premium due to the need of a prescription to get the drug. Pricing was a main concern with this product and several scenarios were run to try and project and forecast where the pricing would make the best return on investment (ROI). †¢ Packaging The weight loss drug available in three four-week packages. †¢ The four week packaging was at the specific point where the consumer did not have to spend too much money to buy it, yet got invested in the product enough that they would come back to buy the second and third portions Marketing Research According to the US survey †¢ 34% overweight †¢ 25. 8% obese †¢ 4. 7% severely obese – Health care providers were positive about the prospects of weight loss drugs. – Responses of individuals: indicates 12% would immediately opt for such a solution. – Focus group: Need of Prescription-strength drug with FDA approval clinical results to backup weight loss results. Decision maki ng The process of decision making for the consumers would follow the hierarchy of effects and would include the following steps: 1. AWARENESS: the consumer should be aware about the drug 2. LIKING: as a result of visiting the doctor and obtaining a prescription 3. PREFERENCES: PODcost and benefit of the drug at a chemist and comparing with alternatives 4. CONVICTION: belief in the product 5. READINESS TO BUY 6. PURCHASE The people involved in this process would be: 1. The direct customers 2. Doctors 3. Chemists 4. Opinion leaders 5. Users involved in word of mouth publicity Differential advantages First prescription drug to be approved by the FDA specifically for weight loss of overweight individuals – credibility – First prescription drug for BMI of 25-30 – It worked on low dose formulation hence stress on liver and heart was lesser – Side effects were less severe and conditional – Behavioral modifications and healthier eating habits – R esults were seen on an average in 12 weeks – More comprehensive support plan – The above advantage could be used for positioning in the following ways: †¢ Premium pricing as it is the only FDA approved prescription drug for weight loss. †¢ Strikingly different from dietary supplements for weight loss Segmentation Targeting multi cluster segmentation Demographic – Income levels – High Income group, since they are ready to pay out of their pockets. – Gender- Females are more weight conscious. – Age: 35+ – Education: college plus Psychographic : Based on, Physical activity, Food preferences, Nutrition, Self image, Overall health â€Å"I want to be healthier† â€Å" I want to fit into my skinny Jeans† †¢ Geographic : US is the largest geographic segment where 65% of the entire adult population is over-weight, obese or severely obese . Targeting customers with a BMI of 25-30 Positioning Strategy Positioni ng as a „Life saving drug? Those 20 extra pounds can kill you. Being overweight leads to heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes â€Å"It? s time to get Healthy- Metabical can help. † †¢ Positioning as a „Motivational Therapeutic drug? â€Å"Discover a happier and a more attractive you† – Increases confidence – Boosts self-esteem Marketing Communication Strategy †¢ Electronic media – TV – Radio – Social media †¢ Print media – NEWS – Magazines †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Viral media DTC and prescriber advertising „Free lunch? pre launch program Metabical Challenge – Biggest looser contest Medical education events Thank you Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Metabical Case Study" essay for you Create order